佳作 佳作
既不盲也不是蛛
Not Blind and Not a Spider
作者 | 林汝貞
#昆蟲與蜘蛛
科學圖說 Introduction
盲蛛既不盲也不是蛛,最大的特長是腿特長,因此英文有長腿叔叔的綽號。牠和蜘蛛一樣,都屬於蛛形綱動物,因也長有八隻足,常被人們誤認為是蜘蛛。盲蛛不同於蜘蛛,不產絲也不結網,螯肢很小並沒有毒腺。盲蛛不像蜘蛛有3至4對眼睛,牠僅有一對眼,除了有些洞穴盲蛛確實是全瞎,大部分其實是有眼睛的。盲蛛的一對眼「站在」扁平的頭胸部的制高點上,細看起來相當的萌。在陸域生態系中,許多盲蛛扮演著舉足輕重的角色,為土壤、灌木叢或樹木中撿拾動物屍體的清除者。
Harvestmen (Opiliones), known as daddy longlegs in English or “blind spider” in Mandarin, are not blind and are not spiders. As their name “daddy longlegs” suggests, their most obvious characteristic is their long legs. They belong to the same class as spiders, Arachnida, and have eight legs. As such, they are often misidentified as spiders. However, they do not produce silk thread or webs and have very small chelicerae with no venom glands. Moreover, spiders possess three or four pairs of eyes, while daddy longlegs possess only one pair. While some cave-dwelling spiders have no eyes and are blind, most spider species have eyes. The eyes of harvestmen “stand” on a relatively high point on the flat cephalothorax and up close are very cute. In terrestrial ecosystems, daddy longlegs play important roles as scavengers of dead animals found in the soil, amid shrubs, or on trees.

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