佳作 佳作
QQ軟糖比較好吃
Gummy Candy Tastes Better
作者 | 王福章
#昆蟲與蜘蛛
科學圖說 Introduction
臺灣黑星小灰蝶幼蟲,以野桐嫩葉為食,野桐葉子上有蜜腺會分泌蜜露。幼蟲身體跟QQ糖一樣柔軟具彈性,尾部中央處有一塊光滑無纖毛的橢圓形區域,分布著蜜腺。舉尾蟻會爬到幼蟲身上,不斷地用觸角拍打幼蟲,刺激幼蟲分泌蜜露供舉尾蟻食用。為了確保食物來源,舉尾蟻會保護小灰蝶幼蟲,兩者存在著「共生」的關係。尾部區域後端長了一對伸縮自如的「觸手器」,尾端有「水螅狀毛」,會散發特殊氣味。可能有其功能:一、提醒舉尾蟻記得保護幼蟲。二、告訴舉尾蟻這裡有蜜露可以取食。有趣的是,為什麼舉尾蟻不吃野桐嫩葉上的蜜露,卻偏愛小灰蝶幼蟲身上的蜜露呢?QQ糖真的比較好吃嗎?
The larvae of the butterfly Megisba malaya sikkima feed on the tender leaves of Mallotus japonicus, which bear extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) that secrete honeydew. The larvae are soft and flexible, appearing like gummy candies. In the center of the tail section is a smooth elliptical area from which honeydew is secreted. Acrobat ants climb onto a larva and pat it with their antennae to stimulate it to release honeydew. To ensure a stable supply, ants protect the larva, forming a symbiotic relationship. At the tip of the tail is a pair of retractable tentacle organs with “hydra-like hairs”, which give off a distinctive odor. The likely functions are: 1. To remind the ants to protect the larvae. 2. To inform the ants that honeydew is available. Why do acrobat ants prefer the honeydew excreted by this larva to that produced by the leaves of the Mallotus japonicus? Is gummy candy tastier?

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