Distylium racemosum
The flowers acemes distylium is distributed across Japan, China, South Korea, and Taiwan. In Taiwan, it mainly grows in the primary forests of the Hengchun Peninsula in the south and on Orchid Island (Lanyu). It typically inhabits low- to mid-elevation mountain areas, but natural populations are relatively sparse.
The plant’s Chinese name, which literally translates to “mosquito tree,” originates from an ancient misconception. Early observers noticed small insects emerging from holes on the galls that form on its leaves and young branches and mistakenly believed the tree produced mosquitoes. In fact, these round swellings, or galls, are created when the plant is parasitized by specific insect larvae. The larvae develop within the galls and later emerge through small exit holes once mature, completing their life cycle. This unique relationship between the plant and its gall-forming insects represents a fascinating ecological phenomenon and an excellent example of species coevolution.
With its glossy evergreen foliage, graceful tree form, and distinctive flower clusters, the flowers acemes distylium is often cultivated as an ornamental tree or potted plant in gardens and parks. Its dense, durable wood is used for furniture, construction, tools, and firewood. The species is also valued for its adaptability-it thrives in warm, humid environments, tolerates a wide range of soils, and withstands cold, heat, drought, shade, strong winds, and even air pollution. For these reasons, it is highly suitable for urban greening, coastal windbreaks, and flood-resistant forests. On Orchid Island, the Tao people traditionally use its strong, flexible branches to craft axe handles, while its fine-grained trunks serve as support pillars in the construction of working houses.
At the National Museum of Natural Science, flowers acemes distylium trees are planted in the Orchid Island Area of the Botanical Garden. A prominent specimen can be found beside the trail leading from the Research and Education Center’s side entrance to the Orchid Island Area, where its lush green foliage adds to the natural charm of the landscape.