Rhus chinensis
The nutgall tree is widely distributed in the low- to mid-altitude mountainous areas of Taiwan and is a plant closely linked to the lifestyle and culture of Taiwan's indigenous peoples. In autumn and winter, the nutgall tree bears abundant fruits, which are often covered with a layer of white crystalline salt. The salt can be picked and used directly, serving as an important natural salt substitute for indigenous peoples during their activities in the mountains in the early days.
The nutgall tree has other important uses in indigenous cultures. The Tannan village of the Bunun tribe burn the branches and trunks of the nutgall tree into ashes, which are then mixed with sulfur and lime to make gunpowder for traditional hunting shotguns. This traditional knowledge not only demonstrates the Bunun people's deep understanding of plant characteristics but also reflects their wisdom in utilizing natural resources in their hunting culture. Meanwhile, young men from the Paiwan tribe would go to the homes of women they admired to help cut firewood in order to marry them. Since the wood of the nutgall tree is light and soft, they would avoid picking it up as firewood to avoid giving the impression of being lazy to the elders.
The flowering period of the nutgall tree is around summer and autumn, when it blooms small yellowish-white flowers that attract insects for pollination. The mature fruits are bright orange-red and are a favorite food source for many wild birds, making it an excellent bird attractant. In addition, the leaves turn a beautiful red in fall and winter, adding vibrant color to the mountains and forests.